Consult the Online Writing Lab at Excelsior: Chicago Style Manual, for any questions you may have about formatting references and footnotes. It has lots of great examples for citing different types of sources.
A bibliography is like a works cited page. It alphabetically lists all of the source you cited throughout your paper. A bibliography follows some standard rules:
1) The author's last name appears first (Doe, John) in a bibliography
2) The first line of a bibliographic entry begins at the left margin and all the other lines are indented 5 spaces.
2) If there is no author listed, begin the entry with the title of the source and use that to alphabetize the entry.
Common bibliography examples:
Book:
Boyer, Paul S. Purity in Print: Book Censorship in America from the Gilded Age to the
Computer Age. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Website:
"Charles R. Van Hise." In Wikipedia. Last modified May 9, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Charles_R._Van_Hise.
Journal article:
Wandel, Lee Palmer. “Setting the Lutheran Eucharist.” Journal of Early Modern History 17
(1998): 124- 55. doi: 10.1163/157006598X00135.
Notes come at the bottom of each page, separated from the text with a typed line, 1 and 1/2 inches long. To acknowledge a source in your paper, place a superscript number (raised slightly above the line) immediately after the end punctuation of a sentence containing the quotation, paraphrase, or summary--as, for example, at the end of this sentence.1
Do not put any punctuation after the number. In the footnote itself, use the same number, but do not raise or superscript it; put a period and one space after the number. The notes themselves are single-spaced, and the first line of each note is indented five spaces from the left margin. Double-space between notes.
Common examples of footnotes:
Book:
1. Steven Nadler, A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza’s Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), 8.
Website:
25. “Human Rights,” The United Nations, accessed May 29, 2013, http://www.un.org/en /globalissues/humanrights/, paragraph 3.
Journal article:
23. Lee Palmer Wandel, “Setting the Lutheran Eucharist,” Journal of Early Modern History 17 (1998): 133-34, doi: 10.1163/157006598X00135.
Annotated bibliographies help you be selective about your sources. They encourage you to find, summarize, and evaluate only the best sources on your topic and prepare you to organize your paper more easily. Essentially, an annotated bibliography is a souped up bibliography - meaning it includes all of the citations for the sources in your paper with a short paragraph about each source.
There are three parts to an annotated entry in a bibliography:
Falcone, Francesca, Maria Aquilino, and Francesco Stoppa. "Exploring the Composition of Egyptian Faience." Minerals 14, no. 6 (2024): 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060586.
This paper describes ancient shabti production from the 21st and 22nd Egyptian dynasties, specifically the chemical and mineralogical makeup of a small private collection of shabti that originated in the middle Nile valley in the Luxor area. This article was published in Minerals, a peer-reviewed journal on mineral systems, processes, and mining. While it does not explore the artistic merit of the shabtis from this specific private collection, it does help explain the chemical composition of the shabtis and, in doing so, illustrates a greater variety of craft-making methods in Ancient Egypt than was previously known.
Howley, Kathryn E. "The Materiality of Shabtis: Figurines over Four Millennia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 1 (2019): 123-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959774319000313.
The purpose of shabti figurines is described in this paper and how they were crafted using faience, and other materials like stone, wood, or wax. Kathryn E. Howley (PhD Brown Egyptology) encourages archaeologists to give shabtis more serious attention as aesthetic artifacts, not solely religious artifacts, to help us to understand Egyptian material culture better. Since they were prolifically produced as tomb objects from Ancient Egypt, she asserts that they should be treated with more importance for academic study by Egyptologists. This article provides additional context about the significance of these funerary objects to Egyptian culture and specifically how textual evidence supports the theory that Ancient Egyptians were as charmed by the visual qualities of these figurines as contemporary collectors.