Self-Awareness TheorySelf-awareness refers to the ability to make oneself the object of one’s own attention. This self-reflexive quality of consciousness has been the focus of considerable research within the cognitive, social, and sports psychology (SP) domains over the past 50 years. Originating from this research, a theory of self-awareness emerged from the work of Thomas Shelley Duval and Robert Wicklund, which posited a dichotomy between external and internal objects of conscious attention. At any one time, attention may be turned outward toward the environment or directed inward toward the self but may not be focused on both at the same time.